Relationship between Vertical Jump and Maximal Power Output of Legs and Arms: Effects of Ethnicity and Sport
Résumé
The hypothesis that ethnicity and sport practice influence the relationship between maximal power in cycling (P(max)) and countermovement jump (CMJ) has been studied by relating CMJ and P(max) in two groups (volleyball players, VB, and physical education students, PES) including subjects with Caucasian (67 C) or West African (39 WA) origins. Maximal power of the arms (P(max) Arms) was also measured. A two-way analysis of variance (groups × ethnicity) showed significant effects of both factors upon CMJ, which was higher in WA and VB, P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively. Within WA, CMJ was significantly higher in VB (0.732 ± 0.057 m) than in PES (0.661 ± 0.082 m), although there was no difference in P(max) (14.7 ± 1.7 vs 14.7 ± 1.9 W/kg). CMJ was significantly higher in WA (0.69 ± 0.08 vs 0.65 ± 0.09 m in C, P = 0.002) without significant interethnic difference in P(max) (14.7 ± 1.8 in WA, and 14.8 ± 1.9 W/kg in C). The CMJ-P(max) relationships were different in C and WA (P = 0.003). Therefore, CMJ predicted from P(max) would be underestimated in WA. The same difference was observed for the relationship between CMJ and P(max) Arms. These results were confirmed by the comparison with previous P(max) -CMJ relationship in the literature, collected in Caucasian and African subjects with the same protocols.
Mots clés
Adult
African Continental Ancestry Group
all-out exercises
Analyse du Mouvement en Biomécanique Physiologie et Imagerie
Arm
Athletic Performance
Bicycling
Biomechanical Phenomena
cranking
cycle ergometer
cycling
ethnicity
European Continental Ancestry Group
Exercise Test
Female
Humans
Leg
Male
maximal anaerobic power
Muscle Strength
Sports
training
Vertical jump
Volleyball