S. Voir, E. Ezra-balto-karl, and . Johnson, The Journal of African American History, Police Repression and Black Resistance in Postwar Milwaukee From Fighting Gangs to Black Nations : Race, Power, and the Other Civil Rights Movement in Chicago's West Side Ghetto Police-Black Community Relations in Postwar Philadelphia : Race and Criminalization in Urban Social Spaces The Journal of African American History Living for the City : Migration, Education, and the Rise of the Black Panther Party in Oakland, California, Chapel Hill, pp.229-252, 1945.